Cyprus was ruled over since the very early ages. All of these rulers overpowering the island has lead up to what we know now as the Cyprus Dispute:
-Cyprus was first inhabited in 9000 B.C. under the Ugarit kingdom
-Greek settlers came in 1100 B.C. and survived Egyptian and Persian conquers
-4th century, Alexander the Great conquered Cyprus
-58 B.C. Roman Empire took control of Cyprus
-1192 became ruled by the Lusignan Family who established the Kingdom of Cyprus
-1489 it was taken by the Republic of Venice
-1570 conquered by the Ottoman Empire; beginning 3 centuries of Turkish ruling
-Early 19th century, the Greek ethnicities on the island sought to stop the Ottoman Empire and unite cyprus with Greece
-1878 United Kingdom took administrative control over Cyprus from Ottoman Empire; they signed the Cyprus Convention: a secret agreement between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire granting the United Kingdom control over Cyprus in exchange for protection against Russia in the Russo-Turkish war in 1877-78; the island still remained under some Turkish rule. This caused the want of union of Cyprus and Greece to grow bigger
-1914 Britain annexed Cyprus and was now labeled a British colony until 1915 when they asked to unite with Greece in return for Greece to fight on the British side in WW1 but Greece declined
(-though Cyprus was Greek and Turkish (settlers from Greece and settlers from the Ottoman Empire), they were protected against the conflicts (example: the Greek genocide, the Greco-Turkish war, and the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) between Greece and turkey because they're under British control)
-the UN didn't want to deal with the "Cyprus Question" so in 1954 rioting started in Cyprus
-in 1960 3 agreements were signed by Greece, Turkey, and Britain in regards to Cyprus: Treaty of Establishment, Treaty of Guarantee, and Treaty of Alliance
-Cyprus gained independence in 1960; free from British rule
-Cyprus was first inhabited in 9000 B.C. under the Ugarit kingdom
-Greek settlers came in 1100 B.C. and survived Egyptian and Persian conquers
-4th century, Alexander the Great conquered Cyprus
-58 B.C. Roman Empire took control of Cyprus
-1192 became ruled by the Lusignan Family who established the Kingdom of Cyprus
-1489 it was taken by the Republic of Venice
-1570 conquered by the Ottoman Empire; beginning 3 centuries of Turkish ruling
-Early 19th century, the Greek ethnicities on the island sought to stop the Ottoman Empire and unite cyprus with Greece
-1878 United Kingdom took administrative control over Cyprus from Ottoman Empire; they signed the Cyprus Convention: a secret agreement between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire granting the United Kingdom control over Cyprus in exchange for protection against Russia in the Russo-Turkish war in 1877-78; the island still remained under some Turkish rule. This caused the want of union of Cyprus and Greece to grow bigger
-1914 Britain annexed Cyprus and was now labeled a British colony until 1915 when they asked to unite with Greece in return for Greece to fight on the British side in WW1 but Greece declined
(-though Cyprus was Greek and Turkish (settlers from Greece and settlers from the Ottoman Empire), they were protected against the conflicts (example: the Greek genocide, the Greco-Turkish war, and the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) between Greece and turkey because they're under British control)
-the UN didn't want to deal with the "Cyprus Question" so in 1954 rioting started in Cyprus
-in 1960 3 agreements were signed by Greece, Turkey, and Britain in regards to Cyprus: Treaty of Establishment, Treaty of Guarantee, and Treaty of Alliance
-Cyprus gained independence in 1960; free from British rule
- with all of these different rulers and changes made to the island over time, there are going to be many different people now living on the island; most notably Greek and Turkish ethnicities
- with Greek and Turkish differences in culture, government, and ethnicity, there was bound to be disagreements
Modern History/Facts:
-Turkey does not recognize the border agreements of Cyprus with its neighbours, so anything that conflicts with what they recognize, they threaten to mobilize its naval forces
-since 1955 it's been Turkey's objective to separate the island
-feuds between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots have been going on since 1963
-these fights almost started a war between Greece and Turkey in 1964 but was stopped from United States intervention
-on July 15, 1974 there was a Cypriot coup d'état staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists; they wanted a united Cyprus with Greece. The coup d’etat was supported by the Cyprus military
-July 15, 1974 coup d'état overthrew the Cyprus government, making the leader: President Makarios ||| flee to United Kingdom. This set the stage for the schemers to replace him with a dictatorship, with the pro-enosis nationalist, Nikos Sampson
-Turkey invaded the Northern part of Cyprus with military in 1974 in an attempt to partition the island; they kicked out the Greek Cypriots from the area, forming the majority, and claimed the land as their own. They took up about one third of the islands land
-36 per cent of the island was under the control of the Turkish military. The partition was marked by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus or "green line" running east to west across the island.
-Turkey invasion resulted in resignation of Sampson, military collapsed, and return of Makarios
-1983 the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was administered/recognized (only by turkey). They even created an independent government: Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
-the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a de facto state; it's stated, but is not required or recognized by law; unilateral (an action that affects a country/people without the agreement of others; doing something without one’s consent that affects them)
-Turkey does not recognize the border agreements of Cyprus with its neighbours, so anything that conflicts with what they recognize, they threaten to mobilize its naval forces
-since 1955 it's been Turkey's objective to separate the island
-feuds between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots have been going on since 1963
-these fights almost started a war between Greece and Turkey in 1964 but was stopped from United States intervention
-on July 15, 1974 there was a Cypriot coup d'état staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists; they wanted a united Cyprus with Greece. The coup d’etat was supported by the Cyprus military
-July 15, 1974 coup d'état overthrew the Cyprus government, making the leader: President Makarios ||| flee to United Kingdom. This set the stage for the schemers to replace him with a dictatorship, with the pro-enosis nationalist, Nikos Sampson
-Turkey invaded the Northern part of Cyprus with military in 1974 in an attempt to partition the island; they kicked out the Greek Cypriots from the area, forming the majority, and claimed the land as their own. They took up about one third of the islands land
-36 per cent of the island was under the control of the Turkish military. The partition was marked by the United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus or "green line" running east to west across the island.
-Turkey invasion resulted in resignation of Sampson, military collapsed, and return of Makarios
-1983 the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was administered/recognized (only by turkey). They even created an independent government: Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
-the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is a de facto state; it's stated, but is not required or recognized by law; unilateral (an action that affects a country/people without the agreement of others; doing something without one’s consent that affects them)